Why We Need Immigration Reform - 1168 Words

Why we need immigration reform Immigration is important to America and so is Immigration reform. The laws we have in place are unfair and unsuccessful to all of us. In order to progress we need to look in our country’s past to advance to our future. Our economy and society can learn and advance with immigration reform. Our laws on Immigration need an upgrade and most politicians would agree that we need immigration reform also. Immigration reform is the renewal of our immigration laws, but little progress has been made to make this a reality. Obama has made several actions to hopefully allow immigrants to have a chance to become citizens, but no new laws have been put into action. Presidential candidates are speaking a lot about immigration reform. Democrats tend to want laws to become more relax while republicans tend to be opposing that view. Democrats want to allow immigrants a better chance at becoming citizens. Republicans want to close our borders; some are more extreme than others. Many people think that allowing more people in our country will increase drugs and crime rates but statistics say otherwise. â€Å"Increasing amount of people are coming from central America seeking asylum† according to CFR Senior Fellow Edward Allen. People are coming for a better chance at life and hoping that The United States will supply that gift. There’s not any evidence proving that allowing people in the U.S will somehow increase drug rates. So why do we treat peopleShow MoreRelatedWhy We Need Immigration Reform1168 Words   |  5 Pages Why we need immigration reform Immigration is important to America and so is Immigration reform. The laws we have in place are unfair and unsuccessful to all of us. In order to progress we need to look at our country’s past to advance in our future. Our economy and society can learn and advance with immigration reform. Our laws on Immigration need an upgrade and most politicians would agree that we need immigration reform also. Immigration reform is the renewal of our immigration laws, butRead MoreA Broken System Of My Mother1716 Words   |  7 Pagesbe taken away from me. One late night, from basketball game, my mom was driving me back home when out of nowhere behind us we saw blue and red flashing lights, telling us to pull over. In that moment both of our hearts stopped and we both knew what was going happen. The police officer told us he had pulled us over for not have a turning signal on when we switched lanes. While we waited for the officer to check her license and insurance, my mom and I had already resigned that she was going to be takenRead MoreImmigration Senior Project1544 Words   |  7 PagesSenior Project Immigration Obama’s Immigration Reform Xihara Rosario Class 172 Mrs. Prysler Northeast High School Outline 1. Introduction What is my topic? Why I chose it? What do I already know about my topic? What I expect to learn? 2. Body Definition of Immigration Types of Immigration The first habitants in United State were Immigrants Immigration reform issues right now Implements that reform needs to happen Immigration outcome and implications for AmericansRead MoreThe Rhetorical Analysis Of President Barack Obamas Speech912 Words   |  4 Pagesposition on immigration in the United States. His audience in the auditorium consisted of American citizens and immigrants who supported him in his second presidential campaign. The school in the state of Nevada was chosen due to its majority Latino student body to allow the President to address a group whose primary concern during the campaign was immigration reform. In his speech, President Barack Obama establishes the need for comprehensive immigration reform pertaining illegal immigration as wellRead MoreImmigration Reform1221 Words   |  5 PagesImmigration Reform is a serious and current issue in politics, in government, and in the lives of millions of people. Immigration reform is a term used by the American government and in politics. It refers to the changes to the current immigration policies in the United States. â€Å"Reform† is defined as a â€Å"change into an improved form or condition, by amending faults or abuses.† So, in a nutshell, Immigration Reform means the improvement of the law regarding how we, the United States, handle immigrationRead MoreEssay on Why should the U.S have border patrol?1611 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿United States Border Patrol: Why should the U.S have border patrol? Illegal immigrants have always been a problem in the United States for some time now. â€Å"In October 2008, the illegal immigrant population stood at 11.9 million according to the Pew Hispanic Center† (Illegal Immigration Facts Statistics†). An efficient border patrol in our country would be a good step in the right direction to stop illegal immigration and the effect it has on our country. Illegal immigrants are at fault for suchRead MoreUndocumented Immigration Is It Bad For The United States981 Words   |  4 PagesUNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRATION IS IT BAD FOR THE UNITED STATES ECONOMY? Most American citizens either think or agree that immigrants are stealing their jobs, and ruining the economy; are immigrants causing Americas economy to flounder or are they holding it a float and in need of some reform and change to the immigration system. We may just need to adjust how immigration is handled to reduce that number of undocumented immigrants to reduce the unknown. With the recent election giving us Donald trump asRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1204 Words   |  5 Pagesof their roots, they are caught between two cultures, each beckoning, each offering rich rewards† There are many reasons of why people migrate to the United States. One of them is the poverty of the country that they live in. People who have children and see them having different needs and necessities go broken hearted because of not being able to afford many things kids need, some people don’t even have a home to live in or money to buy food. The situations in countries like Africa and Latin AmericaRead MoreThe United States Immigration Reform817 Words   |  4 Pages Astou Sow Immigration reform The United States Immigration Reform is specifically targeting the problem of 12 to 20 million undocumented workers in the United States. How would you trust and come out of the shadows if at any point the government changes their minds and deports you. As an immigrant there was times when I felt like I would be deported because of fear from how I got into this country. My dad would always blackmail me and my sisters to do what he wants or he would deport us and heRead MoreCause/Effect of immigration reform971 Words   |  4 Pagesyou think of immigration? What is the United States’ current Immigration Policy? Would you even think that it is considered to be one of the most debatable topics today? Nowadays, many people decide to immigrate to have a better life for themselves and their families. Immigration reform, as it has been called, had been tried during the past years by our very own Congress. Obviously, administrations efforts failed because, currently, illegal imm igration is still a platform. Why would anyone

Mobilization And Unity Of Effort - 904 Words

Mobilization and Unity of Effort. As a result of the president authorizing disaster declaration to 11 states prior to Sandy’s landfall, FEMA was able to coordinate federal resources to combat the 8.5 million citizens without power, revitalize vital transportation services, and supplement east coast fuel shortages. The Energy Restoration Task Force provided â€Å"229 power-restoration vehicles and 487 personnel to help New York and New Jersey restore powerâ€Å" and the USACE was able to restore 80% of the New York Metropolitan Transit Authority Service by November 5. Despite the expedited response, the magnitude of the disaster elucidated areas for improvement for integrating and coordinating Federal operations (Fugate, 2013). In regards to unity of effort, WebEOC, an Internet based crisis management system, ensured the NRCC and various ESFs maintained a common operation picture. This helped to bolster a congruent Federal response by tracking resources, coordinating activi ties, and monitoring planned tasks. Federal Assistance. There were three notable response programs that provided survivors and communities with assistance for recovery: Individuals and Household Program (IHP), Public Assistance (PA), and the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP). FEMA approved over $1.2 billion in IHP assistance for housing repairs and temporary housing. The PA program provided state, local, and tribal governments $800 million dollars for debris removal, energy protective measures, andShow MoreRelatedBook Review Making Islam Democratic: Social Movements and the Post-Islamist Turn1082 Words   |  5 Pagesconducting incomplete research for two different case studies. However, some researchers are seeking to rectify this shortcoming. In Making Islam Democratic, Asef Bayat uses a comparative methodology to highlight the differences in political Islamic mobilization in Iran and Egypt from 1960 to the present day. His W 231 analysis offers unique perspectives into the motivations of both government and citizen actors in these two countries, and seeks to explain why Iran of 1979 underwent an IslamicRead MoreWorld War II : The United States1202 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Navy, 109 marines, 218 army, and 68 civilians. Additionally, there was over a thousand injuries. I agree with the popular argument that Japan’s worse strategical position was to attack Pearl Harbor. Since that day, people supported the war effort in any way that they could. Women and minorities became more involved in the military. I believe World War II brought many benefits to the United States such as advancement in technology and medicine, economic growth, and the start of the Civil RightsRead MorePoverty And Poverty1721 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the basic necessities of life. The United Nations established a series of goals in order to combat and exterminate the poverty cycle. One way the United Nations plans on lessening the poverty cycle is that it proposes to â€Å"Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programmes and policiesRead MorePresident Woodrow Wilson s Speech1160 Words   |  5 Pages1917 in order to usher support for U.S. participation in World War I. Headed by George Creel, the CPI was a model of public mobilization tasked with presenting the â€Å"absolute selflessness of America’s aims,† through the use of â€Å"mass media to call upon Americans to enlist, to conserve, and to buy bonds, all the while explaining why the United States must fight† (Brewer 56). Unity, loyalty and an appeal to patriotism were all promoted by the CPI who even enlisted Boy Scouts to distribute their pamphletsRead More Mozambique Essay1491 Words   |  6 Pagesnorth of the Save river. In places, people are associated with the Christian and Muslim faiths’ and there is also evidence of Baptist and Protestant groups. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It will be a struggle for these indigene cultures to keep their unity alive during the Portuguese invasion, but their victory will be worth the strife. The Portuguese came to Mozambique in the late fiftieth century. Their justification for this imperialist action was the notion that they were civilizing a backward peopleRead MoreRebuilding after Hurricane Katrina928 Words   |  4 Pagesresources mobilization and conveyance of the same to the affected regions. Local Governments The local government also participated in rebuilding of New Orleans by making decisions that made the citizens to be united between the opposing group members. This made the impact of power and influence both on the public administration as well as public policy in the New Orleans to be far reaching. This mainly came about when shelters were provided to the affected groups and citizens leading to unity amongRead MoreNkosi Sikelel Africa: A Song Made More Popular by the Governments Banning1336 Words   |  6 PagesAnd bless them. Bless agriculture and stock raising;†¨Banish all famine and diseases;†¨Fill the land with good health and bless it. 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Wang and Carl explain that the increasing social unrest is a force generated from communist rule, increasing the need for the government to respond the people’s needs.Read MoreOpposition to Apartheid1631 Words   |  7 Pagespassive resistance to the Apartheid which ultimately led to its downfall and the ushering in of a new era of cooperation amongst all South African peoples. The African National Committee, first established in 1912, campaigned on a platform of unity for all Africans for the sake of civil rights and liberties. After the rise to power of the National Party and declaration of the Apartheid, the ANC was first to take action. Early acts of defiance included the encouragement of boycotts, strikes, andRead MoreEssay about The Fall of the Kuomintang to the Chinese Communist Party3196 Words   |  13 Pageswill supplement Johnson’s argument by examining how KMT economic, military, and ideological missteps led to the CCP’s victory. 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Feasibility Study Laundry Shop Free Essays

Feasibility Study Laundry Shop [pic] Submitted by: Jerico D. Quinez Submitted to: Wilson Vicente Gomez I. Summary of the Project A. We will write a custom essay sample on Feasibility Study Laundry Shop or any similar topic only for you Order Now Name of Business: La Lovehan Ko B. Location: The location  of the business is at  Blk79 lot 3 Ginseng Road, Robinsons Homes East Bgy. San Jose, AntipoloCity. La Lovehan Ko is inside the  Robinsons  Homes. C. Brief History I. History †¢ Originating from a  water refilling station up to the laundry shop. A water  refilling station may be  viable in the location however a lot of competitors are already operating  inside the community so the group though of  a different business where in the target audience could focus their attention into; and that is a  laundry shop. |This kind of business does not require much effort for the customers and the  business owners as well. |For  the business owners, hiring few employees that  would manage the business is just the only task to do. Thus, the group thought of this kind of  business for practicability and de mand from the target audience. Organizational Chart Operations Manager————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€-Accounts Manager | | | | _______________________________________ | | | Washer Receptionist Washer II. Economic Aspects A. Market – the target market mostly composed of  the residents of  Robinsons Homes East, Barangay San Jose, Antipolo City B. Demand Demand Projection for the Next 5 Years |Projected Years |Previous Years Demand (a) |Average Population Growth |Projected Yearly Demand (a+b) | | | |b=(a x 1. %) | | |2013 |12,480,000 |187,200 |12,667,200 | | | | | | |2014 |12,667,200 |190,008 |12,857,208 | | | | | | |2015 |12,857,208 |192,858 |13,050,066 | | | | | | |2016 |13,050,066. 2 |195,750 |13,245,817. 12 | | | | | | |2017 |13,245,817. 11 |198,687 |13,444,504. 11 | C. Supply Supply Projection for the Next 5 Years | |Previous Years Supply |Average Population Growth |Projected Yearly Supply (a + b)| |Year | |(b)=(a x 1. 5%) | | |2013 |9,360,000 140,400 |9,500,400 | | | | | | |2014 |9,500,400 |142,506 |9,642,906 | | | | | | |2015 |9,642,906 |144,643 |9,787,549 | | | | | | |2016 |9,787,549 |146,813 |9,934,362 | | | | | | |2017 |9,934,362 |149,015 |10,083,377 | D. Compet itive Position Laundry Shop |Location |Operating Hours |Estimated Meters Away |Estimated Daily Customers | |JM Laundry Shop |Robinsons Metro East | Monday to Sunday | |500 Households | | | | |300 | | III. Technology Feasibility Manufacturing Process . Machinery And Equipment 2 Whirlpool Top load  Washers  Model  : 4PWTW5905 Features: |27†Super Capacity Plus |10. 5 Kg Dry Linen Capacity |Fully Automatic Washer with Silver Panel |Extra Roll Action Agitator |MagiClean Lint Filter |Polypropylene  Outer Tub |Direct Drive System |Extra Rinse Option |Self  Balancing Basket and Tub |Rat-Proof   Base |Tripod Suspension System spire an informal style Plant Location [pic] The location of the business is at Blk 79 Lot 3 Ginseng Road, Robinsons Homes East Brgy. San Jose, Antipolo City. La Lovehan ko is inside the Robinsons Homes. |The Lot measured 24sq2 and the laundry shop occupies 16sq2. Utilities Environmental Impact |We have to make that the operation of our business doesno t give harm to environment. Since our business usechemical  substance like  soap, which mixed to the  water  we used. |We have to treat every  liter of  water we throw out.. Water Treatment 1. Removal of contaminants by chemical or physical bonding. 2. Use  of sub-micron filter elements. 3. Use  of double stages for filtration. Production Cost 1. Investments Investments through CashPhp. 400,000 Total InvestmentPhp. 400,000 2. Acquisitions of Machineries a. 2 Whirlpool Top Load Washers Model: 4PWTW5950 Php. 34,498 b. 2 Whirlpool Dryer Models: 4PWED5950 Php. 31,998 Total: Php. 66,496 3. Acquisitions of Other Equipments a. 1 Philipps Steam Flat Iron Model: GC 4400 Series Php. 4,600 b. Ironing Board Php. 730 c. 1 Weighing ScalePhp. 2,799. 75 d. Water House(50ft) Php. 730 e. Calculator Php. 200 f. 4 Power RegulatorsPhp. 1,399 Total:Php. 10,458. 75 4. Acquisition of Water tank Water TankPhp. 9,999. 95 InstallationPhp. 0. 00 Total:Php. 9,999. 95 5. Cost of Renovation a. Labor cost for 6 working daysPhp. 8,400 (P 350 x 4 Workers x 6 Days) b. Total cost of materials Wood, Paint, Paint brush, Nails, Etc)Php. 21,600 Total:Php. 30,000 †¢ Installations of Equipments †¢ Installations of Clothes Hanger †¢ Painting †¢ Plumbing and Sink Installations †¢ Comfort Room 6. Acquisitions of Fire Extinguishers Good for one year a. 2 x 10lbs. Fire Extinguishers for Php. 2000/Php. 4,000 each 7. Acquisition s of Furniture and Fixtures TablePhp. 900 ChairsPhp. 400 SofaPhp. 2,500 Cost of Installation of Counters and ShelvesPhp. 9,200 Total:Php. 13,000 8. Promotion of Advertisement TarpaulinPhp. 1,800 LeafletingPhp. 600 Total:Php. 2,400 9. Acquisition of Supply Goods for One Year Pair of Gloves Php. 99. 50/ 2 pairs Hangers (Plastics) Php. 159. 50/ 12 pcs. Order Slips Php. 337. 50/ 500 sheets Delivery Slips Php. 520. 00/ 500 sheets Ballpens Php. 100. 00 Mask Php. 60 / 2 pcs. 1 File Organizer Rack Php. 400 1 Record Book Php. 75. 50 Plastics for Clothes Bagging 24Ãâ€"40 Php. 2,840. 00/ 1000pcs. 23Ãâ€"26 Php. 2,560. 00/ 1000pcs. 24Ãâ€"60 Php. 4,265. 00/ 1000pcs. 10. Cost of Direct Supplies Cost for Wash Dry Fold per week Php. 1,449. 07 Cost for Wash Dry Press per week Php. 64. 19 Cost for Handwashing per week Php. 44. 10 Cost for Dry Cleaning per week Php. 283. 15 Php. 1,840,051 total cost per week Direct Supplies Php. 1,840. 51 per week x 52 Php. 5,706. 52 Plus Supplies Cost per year / Php. 11,417. 00 Php. 107,123. 00 IV. Financial Plan Total Project Cost = |Fixed Assets: Water TankPhp. 9,999. 75 Machineries +Php. 66,496. 00 Furniture and Fixtures +Php. 13,000. 00 Total:Php. 89,495. 75 |Current Assets: Cash( Net of pre-operatingPhp. 166,522. 25 Supplies +Php. 26,780. 75 Other Equipment +Php. 10,485. 00 Total:Php. 203. 788. 00 Initial Capital = Jerico D. Quinez = Php. 100,000. 00 Albert M. Quinez = Php. 100,000. 00 Jevelyn Q. Albo = Php. 100,000. 00 Wilfredo M. Albo = Php. 100,000. 00 Total: Php. 400,000. 00 ———————– [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] How to cite Feasibility Study Laundry Shop, Essay examples

Changing Social Networks Home Individuals â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Changing Social Networks Home Individuals? Answer: Introducation Marginalization is a term that is used to refer to the state of being socially disadvantaged in the society. The term is used mostly in fields like economics, sociology and education as well as in politics (Darcy et al, 2009). It refers to the people in the society who have certain specific issue with their bodies, health or living status. Some examples of marginalized groups are poor people, homeless people, depressed people and individuals with mental illness among others. These people are often left out or are never included in the social sector or operations of the society. This leaves them vulnerable and lacking social inclusion. The dynamics of Australians demography and population change has led to increased numbers of people under the marginalized category. Research has shown that the Australian government is working very hard to ensure that these group of individuals are taken care of and included in the community operations (Tually et al, 2011). Basically, this is what the government of any country or the society should work towards. They should ensure that every individual has a sense of belonging and feel valued. In that case, the Australian government and other organizations related to society development and growth have been working hard to ensure the inclusion of the marginalized group in the society operations (Tually et al, 2011). Effects Of Social Stigma On Health Social stigma refers to overrated disapproval or discontent with an individual on the bases of their social status or physical appearance. Wheelchair Users A wheel chair in the eyes of many normal people, is a necessary but undesirable clinical equipment. It is often viewed as a symbol of disability. The wheelchair users have always been viewed as people who need assessment and prescription from a doctor instead of individuals with preferences and power to choose just like other normal people (Sapey et al, 2007). Therefore, stigma is something that can affect their way or view of life negatively. Social stigma can make wheelchair users to feel rejected, worthless, frustrated, angry, isolated and alone among other feelings (Lucas et al, 2012). The social stigma can effect the health of wheelchair users in a negative way. The fact is that most of the wheelchair users have untreatable diseases or have lost their legs and thats the reason why they need a wheelchair. However, when stigmatized frequently, their health may not be affected directly, but their healing process (in case it is anticipated) is slowed to very low levels. Visual Impaired The visually impaired persons are people with low vision abilities or rather low ability to see. Even with corrective lenses, they may not see an object clearly because of the interference during the image procession in the persons eye. This means that they may not be able to read, drive, driving or socializing properly and without problems. Visually impaired people are also faced with stigmatization from the normal people as well. At times they are avoided or disapproved which may influence their adjustment and socializing ability among other people (Papadaki et al, 2013). They are viewed as people who need doctors care and attention instead of people who need normal life treatment and acceptance by others. These people are faced with stigmatization in their homes, schools, places of work and social environments among other places. They are treated as people who always need help even when they do not or rather when they can do it on their own. In that case, the visually impaired fac e a lot of challenges whenever looking for a job, socializing with new people or trying to perform an activity. This is a clear indication that the stigmatization can impact the visually impaired in terms of emotions, thought, behavior and relationships. This can also have a negative effect on their health indirectly. This decreases their chances of being better because of their negative view towards life as well as their condition. Homeless People In the current world and economy, poor people have been seen as marginalized or disabled. This has led to them being stigmatized just like any other physically disabled person in the society including in Australia. When the effects of stigmatization are addresses in a normal discussion, the society is likely to see homeless or poor people as the cause of their own state. The society fails to consider the forces and factors that may have led them to be in that state, e.g. unemployment, limited choices for affordable houses, lack of kinship networks to name a few (Johnstone et al, 2016). These are some of the main (social and economic) factors that have contributed to the existence of homeless people. However, stigmatization occurs in situation with unique social, economic and political status. In such situations, the homeless people are prone to immense discrimination. The negative attitude towards these people has recently increased especially in Australia. One of the main aspects th at is inherent in homeless people is their inability to groom or clean well which makes the public to view them as unappealing which is a form of discrimination and stigmatization (Gray et al, 2016). In addition to that, such views make the homeless people feel threatened, unworthy, no longer useful or functional among other things. This kind of stigmatization can lead to other conditions like mental illness and substance abuse. Social Inclusion And Human Rights In Australia, approximately 4million people living with disability are today on the verge of being treated unfairly by the public or other normal people. This is because, the group is at a risk of not being provided with the basic human rights like other normal people (Shakespeare, 2013). In addition to that, they have not always been given a priority towards a luxurious lifestyle that the normal people have. In other words, almost every Australian with disability experiences human right violation at some point in life while other experience it on a daily basis. Until year 2011, a large number of disabled people in Australia were thought of as less useful and nonfunctional to the society. This led to them undergoing experiences like isolation, sometimes starvation to death, withdrawal of medications and treatments from their reach, sexual assaults and other kinds of assaults. People with disability experience human rights violation in other areas or aspects of life like in education and training, employment, access to services, public transport, voting access to name a few (www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/access-premises). This clearly shows that there were no specific rules and regulations or laws that protected these group of people. In general terms, some of the human rights violations that challenge people with disability include: freedom of expression, opinion and access to information, equal recognition before the law and access to justice, freedom from exploitation, violence and abuse, children with disability and respect for home and family, freedom to good housing to name a few. Wheelchair Users These group is deemed disabled because they cannot walk on their own except with the help of a wheelchair. They have challenges especially during transportation e.g. in an airplane. Most of the wheelchair users lack access to toilets hence leading to urinate either in a bottle in their seats. Others also lack something to drink for long hours of travel because they cannot have access to a drink. Research has shown that around 90% of wheelchair users are forced not to take any drink before a flight because of the problem of accessing airline toilets. They also have other challenges during ticket booking and entering the airplane. Visually Impaired They face discrimination when it comes to searching for employment, purchasing of goods or services, access to information especially by the media, voting access (Ellis et al, 2017). At most times, the employers find it unreasonable to make office changes just because of one/two people. A business finds it expensive to provide its customers with invoices hat are accessible to the visually impaired individuals in the society. Homeless People They experience violation of one of the most basic needs and rights of a human being, which is lack of access to safe and secure housing. In that case, these people lack the right for family, friends and community connections. This makes it difficult for them to have control over their own life and surrounding environment (Johnstone et al, 2015). Other violations that may accompany homeless people are: violation to adequate living standards, right to education, right to liberty and security, right to social security, right to privacy etc. Governement Policy To Promote Social Inclusion Of The Disabled Recently there are some laws that have been set up to govern them and protect the marginalized group from being socially stigmatized and disrespected. The CRPD Australia has come to recognize people with disability and therefore giving equal rights and treatment to them just like other normal people (Australian Human Rights Commission's disability discrimation guide.). In addition to that, they have come up with suitable ways to include and encourage the disabled people to participate in community development and growth (Lucas et al, 2012). There are strategies designed to encourage people with disability to participate in formal structure and institutions of the economy society and country (Adjustments In The Workplace For People With Disabilities). Through this they will be able to access all the goods and services as well as enjoy the benefits that the Australian government has set for every citizen. Additionally, the government has amended the countrys laws and guaranteed equal o pportunities in employment, transportation, access to government services and facilities, access to information, public accommodations e.g. restaurants, theaters, retail stores, schools, libraries, parks and museums to name a few. Wheelchair Users The Australian government is working on ways of improving their access to facilities like airplanes, washrooms and other buildings like any other normal person (Bray et al, 2014). The government has also focused on offering reasonable accommodation to those in wheelchairs in the country. Visually Impaired The government is focused on ensuring that they can access information as much as other people e.g. in televisions and computers. There are trainings on use of brails in computers and televisions being offered to the blind and those who can see even with corrective lenses(Liu et al, 2010. The government has ensured that they are given equal treatment in their work areas. Homeless The government has ensures that they are provided reasonable housing and accommodations services. There are also opportunities to train and educate them on ways of earning a living on their own and providing for themselves. Conclusion From the report, I can say that the marginalized people in Australia are facing a lot of challenges on a daily basis. The people who use wheelchairs experience challenges that are mostly related with walking on their own, the visually impaired are challenges by issues relating to vision and the homeless are challenges by issues relating to housing and accommodation. However, the Australian government has come to recognize and respect the people with disability. It has focused on making their lives better and seem normal just like the lives of people without disability. This has been possible through the introduction and implementation of laws and rules that govern and protect these peoples lives References Australian Human Rights Commission's disability discrimation guide. Bray, N., Noyes, J., Edwards, R. T., Harris, N. (2014). Wheelchair interventions, services and provision for disabled children: a mixed-method systematic review and conceptual framework.BMC health services research,14(1), 309. Darcy, S., Taylor, T. (2009). Disability citizenship: An Australian human rights analysis of the cultural industries.Leisure Studies,28(4), 419-441. Darcy, S., Taylor, T., Green, J. (2016). But I can do the job: examining disability employment practice through human rights complaint cases.Disability Society,31(9), 1242-1274. Ellis, K., Kent, M. (2011).Disability and new media. Routledge. Gray, H. M., Shaffer, P. M., Nelson, S. E., Shaffer, H. J. (2016). Changing social networks among homeless individuals: a prospective evaluation of a job-and life-skills training program.Community mental health journal,52(7), 799-808.doi:10.1007/s10597-014-9817-5. Johnstone, M., Jetten, J., Dingle, G. A., Parsell, C., Walter, Z. C. (2015). Discrimination and well-being amongst the homeless: the role of multiple group membership.Frontiers in psychology,6.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00739 Johnstone, M., Jetten, J., Dingle, G. A., Parsell, C., Walter, Z. C. (2016). Enhancing Well?being of Homeless Individuals by Building Group Memberships.Journal of Community Applied Social Psychology,26(5), 421-438.DOI:10.1002/casp.2272 Lazar, J., Stein, M. A. (Eds.). (2017).Disability, human rights, and information technology. University of Pennsylvania Press. Liu, X., Doermann, D., Li, H. (2010). Mobile visual aid tools for users with visual impairments. InMobile Multimedia Processing(pp. 21-36). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Lucas, J. W., Phelan, J. C. (2012). Stigma and status: The interrelation of two theoretical perspectives.Social psychology quarterly,75(4), 310-333. Papadaki, M., Tzvetkova-Arsova, M. (2013). Social attitudes and beliefs of sighted people towards blindness and blind persons.Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija,12(4), 481-499. Sapey, B., Stewart, J., Donaldson, G. (2007). The social implications of increases in wheelchair use.Department of Applied Social Science, Lancaster University, Lancaster. Shakespeare, T. (2013).Disability rights and wrongs revisited. Routledge. Tually, S., Beer, A., McLoughlin, P. (2011). Format PDF. Tually, S., Beer, A., McLoughlin, P. (2011). Housing assistance, social inclusion and people living with a disability. Watchorn, V., Larkin, H., Hitch, D., Ang, S. (2014). Promoting participation through the universal design of built environments: Making it happen.Journal of Social Inclusion,5(2), 65-88.doi:10.3390/ijerph120708157 www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/access-premises

Dominos Pizza Essay Example

Dominos Pizza Essay This price is only high because there are many things that make this price up. The things that Id get, is the right to use the Pizza Hut trademarks, its system for preparing, marketing and selling food products, its information and specifications. Those were only some of them. There is also some allowance, which is included in the total investment cost but isnt part of the initial fee, for management and staff training. The equipment cost is also included in the total price although; it will vary depending on the site. The franchise agreement is a 10-year term with a 5-year break. Pizza Hut gives the most comprehensive training that there is around. They say that they wont just hand over the keys and let me get on with it; they will train me until I feel comfortable and confident. They will give me about 13 weeks of training. This training is before I open up. Within these weeks, Id get experience in existing stores and we also get tuition in the classrooms. As this goes on, I get on going support from a dedicated Franchise Business Manager and their Restaurant Support Centre. Once Id have started up, I wouldnt have to worry about creativity, production or media costs. We will write a custom essay sample on Dominos Pizza specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Dominos Pizza specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Dominos Pizza specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This means that Id benefit from their national advertising and PR. On top of all of this, Pizza Hut are always developing new products and bringing them to the market. This is a process that involves a huge amount of research; therefore this is another worry that I would have to bother with. So, all Id have to do is take their ideas, put them into practise and then sit back and watch the money roll in. If you think about it, this training course is pretty impressive. Once Id have chosen the site that I decided to build on. Pizza Hut says that they will give me a list of approved designers, contractors and proprietary equipment suppliers. This is so that I can choose from them to construct the unit. Even though Id get to choose whom I want to build the site, the specifications would have already been agreed. As Id go along, Pizza Hut would approve all the drawings and would be attending all the site meetings, just to ensure that the store is completed to their specifications. This would then minimise the risk of any costly mistakes. If I wanted a third party contractor, to provide a complete project management service, Id have to pay extra. Pizza Hut says that they cant tell me what the pay back time is. Conclusion From all the research that I have done, I have decided that I am going to open up a Dominos Pizza franchise. There are many reasons for why I have chosen this franchise. The investment costs are one of the main reasons. Dominos Pizza has an investment cost of 160,000. Pizza Hut has an investment cost between   150,000 and 185,000. Even though, Pizza Hut says that Id have to negotiate with them for the final amount, I still think that after the final amount is agreed, there will still be costs that I will have to pay for. Also the investment cost for Dominos Pizza is including every thing that Id have to pay for, Pizza Huts isnt. Another reason is that Dominos Pizza says that the pay back time is five years. Pizza Hut says that it all depends on the way the manager runs the restaurant, but I think that theyre just avoiding the question. One other main reason is because there are fewer hours with Dominos Pizza. I dont want long hours everyday. Therefore, Dominos Pizza seems like the best option.

Hamlet Review Essays

Hamlet Review Essays Hamlet Review Paper Hamlet Review Paper Review of Hamlet by William Shakespeare. Performed at The Theatre Royal Plymouth.September 2004 Hamlet is one of Shakespeares most popular and widely produced plays. The story of The Prince of Denmark, whose father, The King, is killed by his own brother.Hamlet receives a visit from the spirit of his dead father who explains the circumstances behind his death.Hamlet seeks revenge and further discovers that His Mother (The Queen) is romantically attached to his fathers murderer.The plot to revenge the murder ensues; Hamlet enlists the help of a group of actors to produce a play which satirises the incident before his uncle.The reaction is enough to convince Hamlet of the truth behind his fathers murder.Hamlets madness progresses, resulting in him accidentally killing a member of the royal council.Ophelias father.In a final and bloody showdown, the Queen drinks from a poisoned chalice meant for Hamlet.Hamlet kills Ophelias and is himself stabbed with a poisoned sword.Before his death, he kills the king. The performance, directed by Legendary Japanese director Yukio Ninagawa, created a truly visual spectacle with undeniably oriental influences.From start to finish, this production of Hamlet was a veritable banquet for the eyes.At the opening of the performance the audience was greeted with a vast black stage, high walls dominate the space numerous light bulbs of varying sizes hang down to pierce the blackness with shards of light.They swung, as if rocked by the wind, together with simple sound effects, we are outside on a cold winters evening.This use of sound effects is a simple conventionwhich is revisited throughout the performance to good effect. The stage space was pierced from floor to ceiling strands of dangerous looking barbed wires.They served as the boundaries between characters; they are the marks of invisible walls, like prison bars, adding an element of Hamlet Review Essays Hamlet Review Paper Hamlet Review Paper Hamlet is a classical adaptation of William Shakespeares original version. We went to see this version on the 1st November 2004 at the Theatre Royal, Newcastle. William Shakespeare is famously known for his writing of well-credited and popular plays. Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford-Upon-Avon, but his exact date of birth is not known, therefore is assumed to be the 23rd April. He married Anne Hathaway in 1582 and they had three children. In 158 Shakespeare was recognised as an actor, poet and playwright, when he was referred to as an upstage crow in A Groatsworth of Wit. Shakespeare continued to write many famous plays such as A Midsummer Nights Dream, Macbeth and The Tempest before dying on his 52nd birthday in 1616. Hamlet is a play of lies and deceit between friends and family, which sets out to show the audience the friction of royalty, over power and leadership. When Hamlets father died and the crown was handed over to his brother Claudius, Hamlet is visited by his fathers ghost to tell Hamlet that Claudius murdered him. Hamlet is then forced to gain revenge on Claudius and anyone else that gets in his way. A story of love and hate, truth and lies, in a capsule, put on stage. Hamlet has been very highly reviewed by national papers such as the Guardian saying it was riveting and the Daily Express saying it was a Chilling Hamlet performance. Hamlet is set in Denmark and has been kept Shakespearean through its costumes and language used. Hamlet used music that reflected the situations happening e. g. the hall scene used classical music that was sung and played live, this could represent the power of the royals. : The whole of the production was set on the stage, with entrances and exits, mainly, through the wooden panelled background set. The set of a wooden surrounding encased the audience and actors to provoke a feeling of being trapped and cannot escape. The genre of the play was tragedy, so the general expectations that the audience wanted to see were death, betrayal and shocking revelations. Hamlet was performed in a proscenium arch at the Theatre Royal, with the audience surrounding every side, from the stalls to the gallery. I have also seen The Play What I Wrote at the Theatre Royal. The advertising for this play was quite minimal. Posters were placed outside of the theatre and information was placed on their website, but because the play was originally wrote by an immensely famous playwright it was also publicised by word of mouth. The set was very simple and had very few props, which were brought onto the bare stage. E. g. the goblet of poison and the sword rack. I think the stage was minimalist so as not to overpower the actors and distract the audience from the text of the play towards the set design, although cleverly created to be a blank canvas. The effect of placing the play into the same set throughout, using the same bare stage for each different scene, was highly effective as the audience could take in the set when they first enter, although not much to take in, before the play starts, and concentrate on the storyline from then on. More imagination is used if they have to make the scenery for themselves; this helps to draw the audience in. Also using a minimalist set saves the stage from becoming chaotic with props and clouding the performance. There were certain props that were used that were essential, like chairs, as it would have been hard to mime sitting down for a long length of time. The lighting used was extremely successful as it captured the moments. Dark light was used as Hamlet followed his fathers ghost and when the ghost re-entered to his grave a strip of light was used as if pointing to his grave. A strip light was used around the outskirts of the stage, at the back, often lit in neon blue, but did change to red and purple. The characterisation of each actor was well balanced with each other, from the comic Polonius to the serious Horatio. The language used was very difficult ot follow at times as Hamlet was spoke in old English, using old terminology and phrases, that arent used in this day and age. The stage was quite spacious and was obviously a huge part in the play, therefore the characters had to use the space ton their advantage, constantly moving around and delivering lines from various places. The effectiveness of this technique was to ensure that the audience were captivated as to where they were going to move to next, or what was going to happen next, if they hadnt already seen the play before hand. Each actor and their characters that they played used all parts of the stage. Facial expressions were a major factor for Hamlet to be a success and to gain high popularity, if not higher popularity. Each expression had to be delivered correctly and with correct timing so to have best co-ordination with the script and with the audience. The actors characters were very complex but the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) seemed to manage all right to create an astounding performance with the final result being highly creditable. Facial expressions were what made the comical moments comical, the silent moments tense and the sad moments emotional, and each of them was revealed to the best possibilities of the actors abilities with great effect. The actors were never distinguishable as actors rather than their characters as they played the parts extremely well and never came out of character or fluffed any lines that were noticed. The costumes worn were very symbolic of the time period and the type of people that were being represented. Gertrude wore the most spectacular dresses, always high necklines and lots of frills in a multitude of colours. I think this was to cover the fact that she had just lost her husband, the late Hamlet, and didnt want to show that wanted and needed to mourn him. Hamlet wore very dull and dowdy clothing, as he was a social outcast from the rest of the people, except his sister and mother. His shirt and pants were torn, revealing dirty legs and arms. This kind of portrayal to the audience showed that Hamlet wasnt suited to the royalty that everyone else led. Polonius wore very loud clothing to accentuate the fact that his character was highly comic and his persona was light. He wore colours of gold and black and often purple. I think the gold showed that he was connected to the royal line in some form, as it was only a hint of gold on the hems or cuffs of the gowns that he wore. The ghost of late Hamlet was the most fascinating character for me as he hardly had any lines on stage, and off stage was the riveting line: swear by the sword The way in which Greg Hicks played the character had an eerie quality, the way in which he moved added to the effect of being ghostly.

Marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Marketing - Research Paper Example conducting an advertising campaign, and how can companies employ marketing tools to best realise their mission?, will be the primary concern in the paper. Through an analysis of the marketing presentations made by three guest speakers as well as my own secondary research and personal insights, it will be possible to arrive at answers to these questions. Before I came up with this research question, I thought about certain brands that stand out in my mind every time I think about a product. Wrigley’s is the brand king for chewing gum while Coca Cola rules the soft drinks industry; Colgate is quite strong in the toothpaste sector while Proctor and Alan dominate the breakfast cereal market (Boone & Kurtz, 2013). As these names floated through my mind, I began to wonder about the things that make them tick; some of them have been in business for over a century and still maintain dominance. Most of the answers could be found in the presentations while others were hidden in marketing articles, books and journals. The first speaker hit the nail on the head concerning this topic because he summarised it in three words: relevance, credibility and distinctiveness. He did a case analysis on Tourneau Inc., which is a luxury watchmaker headquartered in the US with approximately 37 stores countrywide. The organisation is not an easily recognisable and strong brand because it does not deliver these three qualities every time and in a consistent manner. Selecting Tourneau Watch seemed like an effective idea owing to certain characters possessed; first, it has been in business for over 100 years. It mimics the longevity that other well-known brands like Coke have in the marketplace; however, it did not possess the same market dominance that these other brands have. The presenter compared Tourneau’s performance with another leading brand in Switzerland called Butcherer; he found that there were certain discrepancies between them. If the case study organisation could borrow a

Decision-Making Models Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Decision-Making Models - Math Problem Example The researcher states that the amount of inventory that Company A needs to order can be determined with the use of economic order quantity (EOQ) model. According to Williamson  EOQ models are used for identifying the optimal order quantity. In order to do this the model minimizes the sum of certain costs that vary with order size and the frequency of orders. Williamson (2012) describes three order size models – the basic economic order quantity (EOQ) model; the economic production quantity (EPQ) model; and the quantity discount model. The basic EOQ model is used to find the order size that would minimize company A’s total annual cost. The formula and the calculations follow. Q0 = √(2DS/H) Where, Q0 is the order quantity in units D is the annual demand in units S is the order cost for each order made H is the holding or carrying the cost for each unit of inventory per year Company A’s information is as follows: - Annual demand (D) is 18,000 units per annum - Ordering cost (S) is $38 per order - Holding cost (H) is 26% of the cost of the inventory which is $12 per unit Q0 =   Ã¢Ë†Å¡[(2 x 18,000 x $38)/(0.26 x $12)]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = √(1,368,000/3.12)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = √438461.54 = 662 units   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = 662 units The results indicate that the economic order quantity that will minimize total annual cost is 662 units per order. Company A produces the goods that it sells and so the economic production lot size model is the most appropriate model for use in this scenario (Williamson 2012). The formula for performing the calculations that provide the results is as follows: Qp = √(2DS/H) √[p/(p-u)] Where, Qp is the economic run quantity p is the production or delivery rate u is the usage rate    Qp = √[(2 x 15,000 x $84)/(0.28 x $19)] √[60,000/(60,000-15,000)]   Qp = √(2,520,000/5.32) √1.33 Qp = 699.25 x 1.15 Qp = 791 The results indicate that the economic production lot size that will minimize total annual cost id 791 units per production run.

Literature review on patient discharge instructions Research Paper

Literature review on patient discharge instructions - Research Paper Example A convenience sample was used of 287 patients. In this particular ER, full understanding was found in 72% of the parents that had children discharge from the ER. The results showed that overall, there was a fair understanding in this case while 20% still showed very little understanding post discharge. Supporting the results of that study but getting poorer results, Gilroy noted in a study done in 2009 that patients who are discharged from the emergency room have a difficult time remembering the instructions, especially those that are given about such things as wound care and medications. In a study performed in an emergency room, doing call back 1 week after discharge, 68% could not tell the call back nurse what the instructions that were given were. In a study performed by the University of Michigan Health System (2008), it is noted that around the nation there are 115 million patients that visit the emergency room. Of those patients, 3/4 leave with an impression of what happened or what should happen next. Most ER care teams including University of Michigan would like to see much better than 75% remember what to do next. What they found to be even more upsetting was that 80% of those that understood what to do next were "pretty sure what to do". Northwestern Hospital of Chicago (2008), performed a similar study, reviewing making post ER calls over a 6 month period and collecting data from those calls. Researchers at Northwestern, led by Engel, reported more than 75% of ED patients interviewed after discharge had deficient comprehension or less than complete memory. Further 20% of the patients who had difficulty with comprehension felt they were having problems understanding what the doctor was telling them in the first place. Isaacman, Pur4vis, and Gyuro (2001), performed a study in an attempt to determine whether standardized instructions enhance communication of discharge information. They had 197 parents of children with otitis media. They studied three different groups. The first group got verbal instructions, the second got standardized instructions, and the third group received verbal instructions plus a typed copy of what was said. Parents were questioned about prescribed medications prior to leaving ER and again 2 days later on the phone. When data was calculated the parents who received standard instructions, in all cases, showed much better understanding and retention of information given them in the ER. Understanding of the importance of implementing discharge planning, Barnard & Chapman (2009), completed and reported on a study which was conducted to describe emergency department nurses understanding and experience of implementing strong discharge planning and discharge instructions from the ER. For purposes of data collection, nurses were interviewed in a semi-structured process. The study was a phenomenological qualitative approach. ER nurses showed a great deal of interest in updating this process in the ER. However, there are many barriers here. The ER must provide sufficient time per nurse, clear policies and standards of discharge and professional enhancement and commitment. In Ireland Dunnion & Kelly (2005) looked at the discharge of older adults from the emergency room and the effects of discharge planning and instructions on discharge. They found that approximately 65% of patients above the age of 65 went home without a complete picture of what was to happen next and because of this made medication errors and often did not see follow up when necessary. They had two groups in which patients were assigned randomly. Patients in group one were discharged using the nurses usual method and the other had a discharge management team. This tam

Stress: Causes, Effects and Reflection Paper

Stress: Causes, Effects and Reflection Paper LAI Mincong Stress is a common problem that affects us in our daily lives. When we encounter a number of changes, difficulties or challenges in life, for example, change jobs, exams, marital problems, and we will feel pressure. What is Stress? Stress is a state of tension of both physical and psychological phenomenon when we feel there is not enough capacity to meet the requirements of life or facing challenges and threats. According to Taylor (2012), Stress is a negative emotional experience characterized by predictable biochemical, cognitive, physiological and behavioural changes aimed at either changing the stressor or adapting to its effects. Stress is also combined by two components: Stressor and Stress reactivity. (Greenberg, 1999) Conceptualizing Stress Chronic stress refers to experiencing a long-term stressor, while acute stress experiences a short-term one (Pearson, 2014). Personality Factors Stress Type A personality pattern reacts to stress in emotional ways, while Type B personality pattern reacts it in rational ways (Pearson, 2014). Major Sources of Stress The infinity hope and requirements of human in the limited real life cause both conflict and frustration, for example, when we face some daily hassles and major life events such as death, we may feel stressful. Those are the stressor. Greenberg (1999) said, a stressor is a stimulus with the potential of triggering the fight-or-flight response. The stressor will produce feeling of pressure, it depends on the degree of personal attention to the stressor, the capacity of relevant things and situation management, and expectations of their own. Physiological Stress Reaction Most of the stressors arouse anxiety, which means the disagreeable feeling of nervousness or worry, We usually cope with the stress by using defence mechanisms, which can protect us from the awareness of anxiety, and help us to maintain a sense of self-worth in those situations. (Pearson, 2014) For example, we will justify our unacceptable behaviour with reasons, which is called Rationalization. Selye (1991) found there is a characteristic pattern of nonspecific physiological mechanisms that are activated in response to almost any stressor, he called this pattern the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). It is made up by three progressive stages (Pearson, 2014): Alarm reaction: When we first time exposed to the stressor, it will produce the biochemical changes and defence mechanisms to maintain our body normal functioning and trigger the fight-or-flight response. Resistance stage: The reactions of the alarm stage disappeared; our body resistance to the stressor will increase to cope with the continued stress. The cost of this resistance is our body’s defence system would be weakened. If the stressor hasn’t been successfully dealt, then we will enter the third phase reaction. Exhaustion stage: When the body is constantly exposed to the same long-term stressor and still unable to adapt it after adjustment, the body can no longer to adapt to chronic stress, and the physical symptoms of the alarm reaction reappear. Managing Stress There are two methods of managing stress, they are modify our environment and alter our lifestyle (Pearson, 2014). Application Two years ago, when I was going to take my first Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination (HKDSE), I have to finish studying my form.6 lessons, the Independent Enquiry Study project (IES), and lots of tests finish many past papers from different subjects after school. But I also need to review the lessons that I have learnt before. I was very stressful and that time. Not just because of the heavy workload, but also the Importance of the HKDSE, it would affect the result that I can enter the university or not. Another reason is the high personal and family expectation to my HKDSE result. When I realised that I have lots of assignments and important exams were coming, I was facing a chronic stress, which means the coming assignments and exams are long-term and on-going stressor. It triggered my fight-or-flight response, on the very beginning, I was choose to flee from those heavy workload, I was keep telling myself that I still have plenty of time to finish my assignments and do the revision, try to rationalize my unacceptable behaviour. Afterward, I realised that the time is running short and I have to confront with these stressor, I felt very stressful and I started to sweat, my heart beat and my breath have been faster than before. Those are the biochemical changes results in my body when I was in the alarm stage, it helps my body to ready for dealing with heavy workload and keep its normal functioning at the same time. Moreover, when I start working on my assignments, my sweat, rapid heartbeat and breath disappeared, The physical reactions of the alarm stage disappear. I felt that I have enough energy to focus and finish my IES. Those are the signs of my body defence rise to cope with the continued stress which means the IES project during the resistance stage, also to return my body normal functioning. However, it takes a few days for me to finish it, and I barely worked overnight in those days. My body resistance to infections decreased, so I felt stomach pain and headache afterward. Finally, my body defence has broken down, I was suffering from insomnia, and I got sick and fever afterward. Though I have finished my IES, but there are still lots of assignment, test and revision coming. Facing this extremely tight schedule, I was getting more stress. I was worrying whether I can finish them all or not, and my HKDSE result everyday. And it just makes me felt frustrated and stressful. So the physical reactions of the alarm stage reappeared. The stress makes me feel anxious and decrease my working performance on my school and the exam. So my HKDSE result is very poor, and I have decided to repeat the form.6. After the above experience, I usually react to the stress in worry, anxious and time-urgent ways, so I have found that I have the characteristics of Type A personality pattern. Improvement There are two categories of methods of managing stress (Pearson, 2014): Frist, It is modify the environment. We can use different ways to modify what happens around us, such as assertiveness, withdrawal and compromise. Second, we can alter our lifestyle. We can modify something about ourselves and our behaviours. In fact, we may have more control over ourselves than over the environment. Action Plan After the above experience, I decided to improve myself by altering my lifestyle (Pearson, 2014). First, I have to set a timetable for my daily life, try to rearrange my working time and rest time, so I can allocate my time appropriately and prevent the stress when the workload is high. Second, I have to do more exercise, such as swimming and running. Our body will release endorphins during exercise, which can help me feel good and burns away the stress. Also I can reduce my stress by doing relaxation, such as listen some soothing music or engage in deep breathing. Finally, I can seek out for social support by sharing my painful feelings to my friends and support group, they can provide emotional support through their expressions of concern and affection, and also the information and advice that can help me to get more effective solution. Those actions can help me to manage stress. Conclusion To conclude, Stress is everywhere. It may cause positive or negative impact to our mental and physical health. It can sometimes help to motivate us or make us feel anxious and decrease our working performance. But there are also different ways to manage can cope with stress. References Clarke, Deborah. (1994). Stress management : trainers notes. Cambridge: National Extension College. Division of Social Sciences. (2013). DSS10103: Practical psychology for   everyday life course materials. Kowloon Tong, HK: CCCU. Pearson. (2014). Practical psychology for everyday life. Quarry Bay, HK:  Pearson Education Asia Limited. Greenberg, Jerrold S. (1999). Comprehensive stress management (6th ed.). Boston: WCB/McGraw-Hill. Taylor, S. E. (2012). Health psychology (8th ed.). Singapore: McGraw-Hill International Edition.

Sharks Essay examples -- essays research papers fc

SHARKS There are more that 250 species of sharks, ranging from the harmless whale shark to the ferocious great white. I will describe the feeding habits and localities of the three greatly known to mankind: the great white shark (Carcharodon Carcharias), the tiger shark (Galeocerdo Cuvieri), and the bull shark (Carcharhinus Leucas). The great white shark, known as Carchardon Carcharias, feeds regularly on marine mammals, such as seals, sea lions, otters, dolphins, and whales. Samuel Gruber in Discovering Sharks writes that the great white consumes marine mammals when they come across a deceased one. Even though the great white has the reputation of a man-eater; they attack thinking that the diver or surfers on a short board are part of its natural prey. The San Francisco area is known as the great white capital, because of the â€Å"Red Triangle.† The red triangle is the breeding ground for its natural prey, seals and sea lions. The triangle’s boundaries are north of Tamales Point, south of Monterey Bay, and west of the Farallon Islands, states Rodney Steel in the book Sharks of the World. The sharks also are found in quiet, shallow waters, along with in Australia. The tiger shark, known as Galeocerdo Cuivieri, feeds regularly on marine mammals also. Tiger sharks do end up with curious articles in their stomach like license plates, lamps, and sheep. The tiger shark is a cannibalistic shark, which means it will attack its own kind when needed. Tiger sharks will feed on anything th...

Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet

Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet is a story that explores the experiences of Chinese and Japanese Americans during World War II with both insight and compassion. The story begins in 1986 with Henry, an elderly Chinese-American man walking past the Panama hotel in Seattle, which has been boarded up since the war. Memorabilia within the basement of the hotel take Henry back to 1942 and his fifth grade true love, a beautiful Japanese girl named Keiko. Henry and Keiko are the only Asians in their all white elementary school, to which they are â€Å"scholarshipping† and do not feel a sense of belonging or acceptance within the dominant culture. Because Henry’s nationalistic father has a hatred for Japan, Henry keeps their friendship and his love a secret until all contact is lost when Keiko’s family is sent to an internment camp. Tension between Henrys father’s traditional Chinese values and Henry’s American perspective is a key theme when forty years after meeting Keiko, Henry, now a widow sits in the basement of the condemned hotel, holding long lost items which take him back to his childhood memories, thoughts and feelings. Henry recalls his early days of being tormented by his peers, while wearing an â€Å"I am Chinese† button daily, as his father did not want anyone mistaken about Henry’s nationality. He also recalls risks taken to befriend Keiko, and their combined love for Jazz music, as well as times spent before the inevitable evacuation of her family and of a love lost. While reading Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet, we learn that Henry shares his life story with his own son, in hopes of preventing the dysfunctional relationship that he had experienced many years ago with his own father. This story teaches us to examine the present and think twice, so that we do not repeat injustices within our own families. Feelings Experienced from the Reading There were multiple emotions that were provoked in reading Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet. Disheartenment and anger were feelings provoked when Henry’s father enrolled his son into an all-white school. Henry was called derogatory names, pushed around and forced to do â€Å"chores† at school. Henry’s father gave him a pin that said, â€Å"I am Chinese† and told Henry he needed to wear it constantly. Not only were kids at Henry’s school making fun of him for wearing the pin but other Chinese kids would tease him on his way to school. Henry’s father wanted Henry to be â€Å"Americanized† however, the pin labeling him Chinese and living in a household where he was the only one who spoke English triggered a combination of anger and Disheartenmen. There was realization of what Henry’s father was attempting to do but the anger was triggered from putting his son in a situation that he was bullied on a daily bases instead of sending him to a different school. When Keiko enrolled in the school Henry attended the readers felt relief since Henry was able to relate with Keiko and develop a friendship with her. Henry was no longer the only non-Caucasian student at the school. This allowed Henry to bond with another student his age and relate to someone else that was dealing with similar situations. However, Henry and Keiko were assigned to serve in the cafeteria where it appeared that only kids who were in trouble were sent. The readers were upset that even the teachers and school staff were singling Henry and Keiko out. One of the most heart wrenching scenarios was when the Japanese American families were forced to relocate to internment camps. Feelings of empathy and sadness for their displacement were expressed by these readers for the families. The families had less than two days to gather only things they could carry and leave their homes. Henry promised Keiko he would keep her family’s belongings they were not able to take with them that identified them as Japanese in a safe place in his house. Terror set into the readers when Henrys father found Keiko’s items and disowned Henry. As Henry struggled to find himself he connected more with Sheldon who played Jazz music in the streets. This gave the reader a sense of comfort that after losing Keiko and his father he was able to connect with someone who respected him and supported who Henry was. Mrs. Beatty who was the cafeteria cook asked Henry to help her in the internment camps to serve the people living there. This scenario brought hope to the reader that Mrs. Beatty understood and empathized with what Henry was feeling when Keiko was forced to leave. Each time Henry connected with Keiko at the internment camp it elicited happiness that Henry did not allow the difference in him and Keiko to impact his feelings. It was disappointing to read Keiko never returned from the internment camp. Henry’s decision to move on with Ethyl was shocking and somewhat disappointing. After being married and sharing a son, Ethyl passed away which was another gloomy experience in the book. It was a surprise when Henry chose to look for Keiko’s items that she left behind. Henry’s reflection on his relationship with his son, Marty and the desire to improve it was heartwarming as was the relationship Henry developed with Samantha, Marty’s fiance. As the story came to an end and Henry was face to face again with Keiko it brought delight to the reader that after all these years and all the heart wrenching experience they were able to reconnect like they had never been apart. Reactive Behaviors from the Cultural Proficiency Continuum There are three points on the Cultural Proficiency Continuum that describe cultural intolerance, which include cultural destructiveness, cultural incapacity, and cultural blindness (Corwin, 2010, p. 1). According to Cross, et. al. (1989), four barriers to cultural proficiency lead an organization or individual to intolerance, including unawareness of the need to adapt, resistance to change, presumption of entitlement, and systems of oppression (p. ). Ford (2009) provided many scenes that can illustrate both the three points on the continuum reflecting both the attitudes of cultural intolerance, as well as the four barriers to cultural proficiency in the novel, Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet. According to Cross, et. al. (1989), unawareness of the need to adapt is seen when people do not think an organization needs to accommodate diversity, but instead feel as though members of non-dominant groups need to adapt to the organization (p. 1). Some illustrations Ford provided of an unawareness of the need to adapt took place in Rainier Elementary School and the United States government (Ford, 2009). The elementary school forced Henry and Keiko, the only students of color, to spend their lunch time serving all of the white students and cleaning the kitchen, and allowed them to be bullied mercilessly by classmates (Ford, 2009). Public Proclamation One, written by the United States president and the secretary of war, was distributed and executed (p. 124). It demanded immediate evacuation of all persons of Japanese ancestry (p. 124). This proclamation illustrates that the United States government was apparently unaware that it is wrong to imprison people based on their status as members of a non-dominant group. According to Cross, et. al. (1989), resistance to change is seen when organization members stick to methods that do not work for people (p. 1). Ford (2009) provided illustrations of resistance to change within the following organizations: Rhodes Department Store (pp. 12-4), and Henry's family (pp. 125-9). Primarily, in Ford's novel, Keiko was overjoyed to buy a special record for Henry, but the Rhodes Department Store clerk did not want to sell it to her as she appeared to be of Japanese heritage (p. 113-4). The clerk eventually begrudgingly sold the record to Henry when he showed her his, ‘I am Chinese' button (p. 114). The clerk showed a resistance to change in that she did not want to do business with people who appeare d to be of Asian descent. Secondly, Ford (2009) described Henry's exchange with his family once Public Proclamation One was posted, in which his father stated, â€Å"better them than us† (p. 125). Henry's mother went on to explain the trouble the family could encounter if they attempted to help Japanese American families, and explained Henry's father's background of war between China and Japan (p. 126-7). Taken together, the comments of the parents do not deny that it is wrong to force members of the non-dominant group to evacuate their homes and be imprisoned, but rather resist the idea that anything should be done about it at the current time. Ford weaves illustrations of another barrier to cultural proficiency, systems of oppression and privilege, throughout the novel. Examples of this include the way that Keiko and Henry are singled out to serve in the cafeteria, the way that Henry is bullied by his classmates, and that those of Japanese ancestry are forced to go to concentration camps. A thematic element that ties many of these scenes together is that of the â€Å"I am Chinese† button. Henry’s disdain for the button because of it hurtful meaning with his father who sends him mixed messages that he must be both â€Å"Americanized†, yet declare his Chinese ancestry through the wearing of the button is contrasted by his use of the button at times to gain privilege, such as when he was allowed to purchase the album at the store, while Keiko was not. Despite this small gain in privilege from wearing the button, it also served to foster oppression by his classmate, Chaz, who bullied him for his non-membership in the dominant culture, even ripping the pin off Henry (location 339 of 4683). The button can further be used to illustrate a final barrier to cultural proficiency: entitlement. While Henry clearly hated the button, there were also times when he used it or attempted to use it to his advantage and to the advantage of Keiko and her family, whom he cared about. For example, when the police raided the jazz hall that he and Keiko were at and arrested several Japanese couples in attendance, he used it to protect him and Keiko because there was a level of entitlement to civil rights that was inherent to being Chinese rather than Japanese (location 896 of 4683). Another clear sense of entitlement at the government level was documented by the taking away and selling of property that was owned by Japanese people. (location 1372 of 4683). Proactive Behaviors from the Cultural Proficiency Continuum The following three points on the left side of the Cultural Proficiency Continuum are proactive behaviors, shaped by principals; culture is a predominant force, people are served in varying degrees by the dominant culture, and people have individual and group identities. According to Cross et al, (1989) culture is a predominant force. It is the essence of the societal existence and cannot be over looked. In the book, Hotel on The Corner of Bitter and Sweet (Ford, 2009) Henry relates to other Chinese notables like Bruce Lee and His own son Brandon because he is of Chinese decent. Incidentally, the place was lonely because people did not talk to their neighbors due to some cultural differences. The life of Henry was lonely like a grave; this displays a cultural aspect of burying the dead which is not common in the Chinese culture. According to Cross et al, (1989) people are served in varying degrees by the dominant culture. Ford (2009) described Henry's exchange with his family once Public Proclamation One was posted, in which his father stated, â€Å"better them than us† (p. 125). His father had participated in the war between the Chinese and the Japanese. The Americans helped the Japanese American families and this made Henry’s father feel inferior to others due to the treatment such families had. Even in schools, the treatment of people was predominantly dictated by the dominant culture and teachers turned a blind eye to mischief. In a society people have individual and group identities that define their ways and behavior (Cross et al, 1989). A good example from the book is described when Henry follows a news crew to the hotel that seems to stand between life-times just like him. The news crew members form group while the camera-shy onlookers walked away to form a clear path have individual identities (Ford, 2009). Henry himself forms his own individual identity as a man in a place full of strangers (Ford, 2009). Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet by Jamie Ford, evokes the feelings that are described in the title throughout the telling of the incredible story of one of the most conflicted and volatile times during American history (Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet, Reading Group Guides, 2013)The story is told from the point of view of a young Chinese boy and simultaneously from his observations and reflections years later of the time period in which Henry witnessed and experienced the internment of Japanese Americans in his neighborhood and prejudices toward himself from being of Chinese heritage. The story elicits feelings of bitterness and sweetness: Bitterness toward unfairness, injustice, discrimination and how the experience of fear can lead to irrational actions and the inhumane treatment of others, sweetness of innocence, understanding, kindness and sympathetic responses to those same conditions. The novel inherently addresses The Tools of Cultural Proficiency (Corwin, 2010) and demonstrates examples from the continuum of destruction, incapacity, blindness, precompetence, competence, and proficiency. The author covers these phases of cultural proficiency while the reader is at the same time experiencing the conflicting emotions of bitter and sweet, hope and disappointment, and witnessing acts of fear and courage. Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet has a lasting impression on the reader. While telling the lifelong personal story of Henry it incorporates many lessons that would be difficult to forget. The reader gains knowledge of the historical account of the Japanese Americans internment during World War II, the personal effects of discrimination on individuals and the greater culture, and insight as to examples of how kindness, empathy and knowledge can be powerful forces for society to use in overcoming the result of fear, judgment and discrimination. The social work profession can gain a better understanding of generational trauma that has had a lasting result of the survivors and family members of Japanese Americans that lived this experience as well as cultural proficiency vs. the effects of prejudice and discrimination can be gained by reading this novel. The most important â€Å"take away† from this book would be incorporating the knowledge gained regarding cultural competency and utilizing it in the field of social work as well as in developing personal relationships with others.

Lebenseborn essays

Lebenseborn essays The topic of eugenics cannot be discussed without encountering the Holocaust, but this is as it should be. When contemporary geneticists, genetics counselors and clinical geneticists wonder why it is that genetics receives special attention from those concerned with ethics, the answer is simple and can be found in history. The events which led to the sterilization, torture and murder of millions of Jews, Gypsies, Slavs and children of mixed racial heritage in the years just before and during the era of the Third Reich in Germany were rooted firmly in the science of genetics (Muller-Hill, 1988). Rooted not in fringe, lunatic science but in the mainstream of reputable genetics in what was indisputably the most advanced scientific and technological society of its day. The pursuit of genetic purity in the name of public health led directly to Dachau, Treblinka, Ravensbruck and Auschwitz. As early as 1931 influential geneticists such as Fritz Lenz were referring to National Socialism as "applied biology" in their textbooks (Caplan, 1992). As difficult as it is for many contemporary scientists to accept (Caplan, 1992; Kater, 1992), mainstream science provided a good deal of enthusiastic scientific support for the virulent racism that fueled the killing machine of the Third Reich. When the Nazis came to power they were obsessed with securing the racial purity of the German people. The medical and biomedical communities in Germany not only endorsed this concern with "negative eugenics," they had fostered it. Racial hygiene swept through German biology, public health, medicine and anthropology in the 1920s and 1930s, long before the Nazis came to power (Weiss, 1987, Muller-Hill, 1988; Proctor, 1988; Kater, 1992). Many in the medical profession urged the Nazi leadership to undertake social policies that might lead to enhancing or increasing the genetic fitness of the German people (Kater, 1992). Eugenics consumed the German med...

East Timor essays

East Timor essays East Timor is located on the small island of Timor (slightly smaller than Maryland). This land is situated between Indonesia and Australia. The other half of the island is Indonesias province of West Timor. This small territory of East Timor is currently under a U.N. transitional government with total sovereignty scheduled for 2002-2003. The past of East Timor has been littered with Imperialism. Starting mid 1500s when Portugal colonized the territory through Japanese occupation during WWII, and again a return to Portuguese rule. Then in the wake of Portuguese de-colonization and civil war, a brutal military occupation by its new neighbor Indonesia. In 1509 the Portuguese arrived in the area of East Timor. They established their first settlements there in 1633. During the time before 1859 these two colonial powers signed a treaty establishing a boundary that divided Timor into the Dutch controlled west and the Portuguese controlled east. During Portuguese control many members of the native population where enslaved. In 1910 a rebellion of native peoples was suppressed after an n 18-month war for independence. During WWII The Empire of Japan occupied the Island of Timor. The Japanese also occupied all of the surrounding islands of Indonesia. During the occupation there was brutal fighting and nearly 40,000 East Timorese where killed in the struggle. After Japanese forces withdrew at the end of the war, rebellion broke out in Indonesia and in east Timor. Indonesias revolt against the Dutch was extremely successful ending in Indonesias independence. While in east Timor the rebellion was quickly and brutally put down by the Portuguese military. The Portuguese would remain in control until 1975 (despite U.N. calls for self-determination) when Portugals government was overthrown by its own military, which began a process of de-colonization. It is during this time that...

What is literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What is literacy - Essay Example Within the parameters of intensively competitive labor and job markets, on the one hand, and global markets for goods and services, on the other, literacy, in all its variant forms and manifestations, has assumed unique importance.Whether as relates to immigrant L2 communities in the United States or native citizens, literacy often emerges as a non-negotiable criterion for employment and hence, the capacities and abilities of individuals to integrate into their societies and become constructive members therein. Given the importance of literacy, both on the individual and the societal levels, understanding what literacy means, clarifying the variances between L1 and L2 literacy and outlining the socio-cultural and ideological implications of literacy emerge as the primary concerns and objectives of this paper.Popular understandings of literacy as the ability to read and write, while accurate, effectively obscure the inherent complexities of the term and over-simplify its implications. As Speilmann and Radnofsky (2001) contend, literacy extends beyond the narrow parameters of the aforementioned definition to encompass the communicative skills requisite for both integration in society and the realization of individual career and social potentials and aspirations. Concurring with the aforementioned Kern (2000) defines literacy as "an elastic concept: its meaning varies according to the disciplinary lens through which one examines it." It is, from this definitional perspective, a mercurial and fluid concept, both difficult to pin down and even more problematic to pin down. Not withstanding the fluid nature of the concept or the multiple contending definitions which surround it, Tompkins (2001) defines concept as functional/basic and computer/post-modern literacy. The former refers to the capacity to read and write with some degrees of skill and competency. The latter, whose importance has expanded with the onset of the present century, references computer skills and an individual's ability to use and work with computers and other information technologies. The proliferation of computers as a primary medium of communication and information exchange has, according to McGrail (2007), made computer literacy as important as basic/functional literacy, insofar as the former is needed just as much as is the latter for employment and social integrative, let alone communicative, purposes. In further testament to the highly complex and multi-dimensional nature of literacy Baynham (1995) identifies six literacy models. These are the (1) skills development, (2) the therapeutic, (3) the personal empowerment, (4) the social empowerment, (5) functional and (6) the critical models of literacy. Taken together, these models effectively underscore the extent, to which literacy facilitates all of personal development, social integration and the acquisition of career/job skills, on the one hand, and allows an individual to realize his/her potential, on the other. Proceeding on the basis of the literature reviewed in the above, it is evident that literacy encompasses far more than reading and writing skills. Indeed, it may very well be defined as the primary predicator of social and professional success. The concept, complex enough as it is, is rendered even more so upon its contextualization with L1 and L2 frameworks. 3 L1 and L2 Literacy Within the context of an L2 setting, the definition of literacy, as outlined in the preceding section, retains both its validity and viability. Hayes and Schrier (2000) make this amply clear when they define L2 literacy as socio-communicative skills within a non-mother tongue environment or linguistic setting. In the L2 setting, just as in the L1, being literate means possessing reading and writing skills and having the capacity to utilize those skills in both

An Artistic and Intellectual Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

An Artistic and Intellectual Revolution - Essay Example The greatest service that the Renaissance was the liberation of the human spirit and the birth of an original thought. This led to rapid progress in all spheres of activity. It also led to various movements, which took place at the same time, such as the emergence of new geographical discoveries and political reform movement that inaugurated the modern era. Renaissance spirit that emerged during the Middle Ages. Currently in Europe lived in the spiritual tyranny of the church. As the dogmatic attitude of the church was a spiritual concern, as quiet and patient, the development of thought. Seeds of independent thought, which are seeded trees grown in the Middle Ages in modern times. Several factors have contributed to the success of the Renaissance. Ideas that are not based on reason cannot continue indefinitely. The clergy in the church, in practice, acted contrary to the principles of true Christianity that is preached. This faith in the ideas of commitment to the universal Church a nd the universal rule. Original thinkers like Roger Bacon and Peter Abelard succeeded in weakening the intellectual authority of the church with new trails. Peter Abelard (1079 1142) considered it essential to apply the principles of reason to Scripture. In his view, the mysteries of Christianity are not taken for granted. They were examined in the light of reason and intelligence. Original thinkers like Roger Bacon and Peter Abelard succeeded in weakening the intellectual authority of the church with new trails. Peter Abelard (1079 1142) considered it essential to apply the principles of reason to Scripture. In his view, the mysteries of Christianity are not taken for granted. They were examined in the light of reason and intelligence. Another revolutionary thinker was Roger Bacon (1214-1294). Aristotle criticized the church severely. He agreed in the past, everything that was reasonable and worked patiently for the cause of the new spirit. With an open mind and the spirit of scien tific research, studied subjects like math, physics, natural sciences and philosophy. He had the vision to anticipate the latest invasions and wrote about the possibility of having a boat without oars, without draft animals, vehicles and flying machines. However, because of the bold approach of Bacon and original thought, he earned the enmity of the church, which was punished, and Peter Abelard. The Fall of Constantinople led to a widespread and systematic study of the Greek heritage. After Constantinople, the great center of civilization and culture, fell to the Ottoman Turks, the Greek scholars fled to various parts of Europe that emit the great ideas of ancient Greece. Thus, the enthusiasm for the study of the classics was injected into the minds of Europeans. (Pink Monkey, 2011) The rapid spread of ideas was made possible by the introduction of printing. A mid-15th century, Johannes Gutenberg was able to operate the first movable type in Mainz in Germany, where the

Lulu lemon Value Chain Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lulu lemon Value Chain - Assignment Example According to the report  the core mission of the company is to provide its clients with components that would ensure they live longer, more fun and healthier lives. This core value has been the driving force ensuring that the company provides fitness materials that meet the specific needs of its clients. This mission has also guided its efforts towards working with designers from various disciplines, thus contributing to the increased marketability of its products and services.This study declares that appropriate sales strategy, covering various parts of the world and offering wholesale as well as internet-based mode sale has significantly contributed to the massive success of the company. This has not only ensures that its products and services are access, by a wide range of clients, but also increased its competitive advantage due to low prices associated with wholesale products and services. Increased operational costs accompanied with increased net profit overtime; has enabled the company to improve the value of its products and services, thus attracting a large clientele base. The core mission of the company, based on ensuring funnier, healthier and longer lives among the clients, could be attributed to the improved success of the company from 2007 to 2012. Involving the participation of personnel from different disciplines to develop various designs for the company has ensured that the company attracts different dimensions of clientele base i.e. from young to the aged, children, women and men.

The needs of society Essay Example for Free

The needs of society Essay Sensitivity and awareness to the needs of society helps authorities of educational institutions guide students toward success not only for themselves but for their country as well. Reading about the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) and the connections of Human Resource Development with vocational training reinforces my belief that teaching is merely transferring knowledge. Understanding the needs of society helps administrators of educational institutions form our own programs that would lead towards the success of education as a tool for America’s economic supremacy. However, upon reading news such as the one by USATODAY. com’s Richard Benedetto (2003), my own negative belief in the NCLB has been reinforced. My experience showed me that children have their own strengths and weaknesses that do not always involve academics. NCLB seems to be an ideal political move but it has ineffective because of its wrong principles. The real causes of student academic failure most of the time is rooted on family issues. What NCLB and those who are interested in creating a good work force for the USA must consider is that success has to deal with more than just academic and skills training. How important are academics and skills training compared to the inculcation of moral values? If No Child must be Left Behind, then what kind of standards can we practically create when children are individuals who have their own weaknesses and strengths that are not always academic based? Gary Becker (1992), Nobel Prize Winner, believes that employees can only be true assets of a company if they are not only trained with skills but also if they learn how to deal with their colleagues†¦a topic not mentioned in the articles that keep focusing on the needs of the future labor force. With families disinterested in academic success for children and companies ignoring the idea that workers succeed if they have better relationships, does the problem really lie on the institutions built or the priorities our country has really learned to place importance on? References Becker, G. (1992). The Economic Way of Looking At Life. Economic Sciences. 44. Benedetto, R. (2003). Suit against No Child Left Behind about education, politics. Retrieved May 30, 2008, from http://www. usatoday. com/news/opinion/columnist/benedetto/2005- 04-23-benedetto_x. htm

The Celebritization Of Monarchy Media Essay

The Celebritization Of Monarchy Media Essay Introduction Celebrities are a staple of the media industry. From tabloids that promise exclusive looks into their homes to television talk shows that offer audiences the chance to get up close and personal with actors, singers and reality TV stars, todays mediated world is awash with celebrity. Advances in media technology, the availability of 24-hour news and entertainment channels, as well as the advent of the Internet and social media, have meant that there is more celebrity available now than ever before, because there are more outlets for both those seeking news about their idols or trying to be famous themselves   (Ferris, 2010). Even in a seemingly democratized media such as social networking sites, the brightest stars are still traditional celebrities 9 out of the top 10 Twitter accounts with the most number of followers are pop stars and actors. Only US president Barack Obama is the non-celebrity in the top 10 list, although it has been argued that his image in popular culture is ce rtainly reminiscent to that of a celebrity which was both a blessing and a curse during his 2008 presidential campaign (Alexander, 2010a). It is easy to take for granted the fact that celebrities are in the public eye because they are famous; most tend to forget that celebrities are not born they are created. Through careful management of images, on-air and off-air personas, a celebrity can be manufactured out of virtually anyone (Turner, 2004). Indeed, the boom in reality TV content, which gave ordinary people a chance to be famous, and the popularity of manufactured pop stars who are auditioned, recruited, and moulded specifically to appeal to the masses, seem to prove that it is the image that is celebrated, not the person (Turner, 2004). Boorstin (1961) described a celebrity as a person who is known for his well-knownness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a human pseudo-event. Some researchers have suggested that the adoration of celebrities as role models are a normal part of identity development (e.g., Giles Maltby, 2004; Yue Cheung, 2000; cited in Swami et al., 2011). In other words, society needs celebrities in order to learn about ourselves, and needless to say, celebrities need an adoring public, without whom they would not exist. Some researchers have called this relationship a celebrity-worship culture, proposing that a psychological absorption with a celebrity results in a heightened sense of reality of the idolized celebrity, which leads to an addiction on the fans part to maintain a sense of connectedness (McCutcheon et al., 2002). One researcher even drew a comparison between modern societys celebrities and the wooden totems and masks of primitive cultures, both of which sustain meaning, ritual, and solidarity (Alexander, 2010). Celebrities, then, are the most powerful icons of our time (Alexander, 2010). What is it that makes a celebrity? Ferris (2010) offers four aspects of the personas relationship with fans or outsiders that characterize celebrity in contemporary society; the first of which is widespread recognizability meaning, you would be able to recognize George Clooney out of a crowd. The second aspect is relational asymmetry, whereby fans get to know celebrities through films or television, but it is a one-sided intimacy, as the celebrities themselves have no equivalent knowledge of fans, and few avenues through which to obtain it (Ferris, 2010). This contributes to the lack of conventional mutuality and lack of physical co-presence, where the celebrities and fans do not occupy the same space, making rare encounters and celebrity sightings a special moment, almost as if making contact with the divine (Alexander, 2010). The same could be said of monarchies; far more than ordinary celebrities, royal families live in a different world, inaccessible by the public, and the chance to meet them is a once-in-a-lifetime event riddled with special protocols. Even the worlds most prominent politicians have fumbled when meeting the Queen gaffs which ultimately make it to the news as items of, at worst, ridicule and humiliation, and at best, a surprisingly generous gesture on the Queens part, as in the case of Michelle Obamas infamous break of protocol by hugging the Queen (Thornton, 2012). In this paper, we explore the relationship between the British royal family and the media. We argue that both the technological advances in news production and consumption as well as societys evolving appetite for celebrity news have shaped the treatment and coverage of the British monarchy, likening them to celebrities in the media. Drawing from relevant cases at specific points in history, we explore the role of the media, the public, and the royal family themselves in the creation of an iconic institution. Utilizing the media The modern monarchys relationship with the media has always been a delicate one (Baldini, 2012). In 1952, the BBC then a monopoly broadcaster in Britain approached the palace for permission to broadcast the coronation ceremony of Queen Elizabeth II. Against the advice of Prime Minister Winston Churchill and the church, who felt that inviting cameras (and the public) to watch the ceremony would make profane an otherwise sacred event (Turnock, 2005), the Queen agreed that it was important for the event to be televised. The coronation ceremony, the first royal event to be broadcast live, became a defining moment in the development of British broadcasting (Turnock, 2005). 20 million Britons watched the ceremony on TV (Hastings, 2012), and this single event has been credited for the sharp increase in televisions owned in Britain 2.1 million in 1953 from 1.4 million the year before. It was the first time in history that the masses witnessed this traditionally sacred and secret event, bridging the gap between the public and the distant palace. Future evolutions in the media landscape such as the emergence of tabloids and paparazzi culture, social media and the Internet would further blur the line between the masses and the sacred world of royals, but it was Queen Elizabeth IIs foresight in making the event accessible to the public that endeared her to them as their new ruler (Hastings, 2012). It would be impossible to guess the Queens true intentions at the time, but her insistence that cameras be present at Westminster Abbey signaled a motive to be in the spotlight, and demonstrated an understanding that the position of the royal family depends on public support which, in turn, depends on public access. She, above all, understood that modern monarchs will be judged for who they are, not what they do (Hastings, 2012). From the framework of Gramscis hegemonic dominance theory, the event can be seen as a stealthy assertion of power rather than being imposed from above, hegemony involves the active seeking of consent from ordinary people to comply with their own subordination (Duffett, 2004). Furthermore, the use of television to bring the coronation event into peoples homes via television can be viewed as a deliberate strategy to infiltrate peoples everyday lives, as hegemonic leadership has to operate on the terrain of common sense and in the seemingly apolitical marshla nds of popular culture (Duffett, 2004). Breaking into the media The Queens understanding of the medias power to shape public opinion can be supported by the change in the British monarchys royal persona over the years, as evident with the changing appeals in its representation from being a distant, imperious body to a lighter, brighter, more accessible dynasty, whose palaces could be toured via holiday packages, exploits reported freely and lives documented glossily on cinema and TV (Times of India, 2012). In her 60-year reign, the Queen has been the single most visually recorded human being in history (The Art Newspaper, 2012). Since her ascension to the throne in 1952, millions of images have been captured of her, but it was the media expansion of the 1920s and 1930s that helped to shape the publics demand and subsequent reception of these images. The eras media expansion saw the rapid increase of the publics demand for the personal lives of film stars and celebrities (Fraser Brown, 2002), which launched fame as a commodity in itself, manufactured and distributed by media professionals (Fame, 1931, p. 450). Instead of a byproduct of film and music, fame became an industry, which Lippmann (1960) regarded as an engine of publicity such as the world has never known before (Fraser Brown, 2002). The BBC has arguably played a critical role in maintaining the image of the royal family in the public sphere, while keeping a respectful distance. When it was a monopoly and public broadcaster in 1945, news was the staple programming and the BBC aimed to carry into the greatest number of homes everything that was best in every department of human knowledge (Clayton, 2010). The prevalent media ideology was to educate rather than attract the highest level of viewership. The launch of commercial television and radio meant selling advertising space and hence, attaining more viewership. This was seen by many as the point in time when mass media led to the dumbing down or sexing up of news and entertainment to increase their viewership. Moulding celebrity Media has been instrumental in the changing royal persona from its 1945 aura of mystique and detachment when it connected with the masses only during public events or Christmas Day broadcast to imparting them with a celebrity status, with paparazzi following their every move and the public eagerly consuming news that surrounds them. The publics need to look to the royal family as celebrities can be traced back to the enduring themes of heroes in folklore; all cultures have narratives that articulate larger-than-life personas, and todays stars and idols are a similar narrative of dynasties and gods, kings and heroes (Dale, 2001). Heroes, however, are moral characters who reach for a higher calling or defeat a villain in defense of his country. Celebrities are amoral; normal rules do not apply, and behaviour usually shunned by normal people in our lives is accepted as evidence that celebrities are not ordinary people (Campbell, 1998). Despite this clear distinction, people develop psyc hological bonds with both heroes and celebrities and seek to emulate their lives (Campbell, 1998, p.127). Nevertheless, one cant but ignore the fact that World Wars brought a large degree of social leveling, leading to apparent changes in the social dynamics of the authority figures such as the British royals family. They had to adapt from being powerful, elite and detached from the public to maintain the authority of being the rulers to connect with them socially with the change in the political power it enjoyed. Owing to their collective sacrifice, ordinary people began to feel entitled to things which had been the preserve of their betters in previous generations (Clayton, 2010). Therefore, the changing media atmosphere dictated by commercialisation led them to focus on providing the masses escapist fare with their keen interest in celebrity stories and the socio-political changes adapted by the monarchy guided the persona of the British monarchy. Documenting royalty In his article Television and the Decline of Deference, Clayton (2010) cites examples that support the fact that media have been creating both a respectful as well as critical image of the royal family. Some documentaries that showed royals in deferential light are the 2007 BBC documentary Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work; the 2008 ITV documentary on the Duke of Edinburgh and the hit film The Queen (2006), which showed the Queen in a very good light in her actions immediately following the death of Diana, Princess of Wales (Clayton, 2010). Some other documentaries which have been critical of the royal family include the The Royal Family (1969), which attempted to show the royals in an informal setting to boost their popularity with the British public. A further notorious example was Its A Royal Knockout in 1987. The show, which involved Prince Edward, Princess Anne and Prince Andrew running around obstacle courses in costumes, was largely designed to help Prince Edward establish a career in television. The show was a public relations disaster which lowered the dignity of the royals in the eyes of the public (Clayton, 2010). Above all, the divorce and scandals that surrounded Prince Charles and Diana, Princess of Wales, and Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson in the mid-1990s marked a watershed in the treatment of the royal family. The intrusion of the media coupled with peoples interest in the British royals and the Monarchys willingness to enjoy celebrity status has shaped the public opinion in terms of awe, affection, love, respect, empathy or despair towards the royals. Private to public The marriage of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer was an inevitably public affair from the beginning. The young and beautiful Lady Diana, who rose from obscurity to capture the heart of a prince, captivated the nation who identified with her humble background as a kindergarten teacher and saw her as one of their own (Pillow Cassill, 2001). The royal wedding a rare enough event became a media spectacle; it was a wedding made for television, and television knew it (Castro Cronin, 1981). 28 million people watched the televised wedding in Britain, along with 750 million viewers in 61 countries across the globe. Media coverage of the wedding emphasized its Cinderella quality (Kirby Sorensen, 2010), with a notable difference between British (which tended to be more stately) and American media, which was more up close and personal (Castro Cronin, 1981). The wedding captured front-page headlines around the world; the Times of London published a colour photograph of the royal couple as a souvenir front, and   The Economist printed its news pages in colour for the first time in its 138-year history. Even the highest circulating newspaper in the world at the time, Japans Yomiuri Shimbun (circulation 8 million), deemed the wedding story important enough to rush in a color photo midway through its evening press run (Castro Cronin, 1981). Although these figures and anecdotes are impressive, it is doubted whether the wedding of Charles and Diana attracted such media coverage because there was public demand for it, or if the medias treatment of the event that pushed the news into a global spectacle. The media environment was, after all, far less cluttered in 1981, and cable television reached fewer than 25% of all households. With the majority of people only having access to five or six channels to choose from, and all the networks covering the wedding, it became one of the last events that saw everyone tune in at the same time (Thomson, quoted in Kirby Sorensen, 2010).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Likewise, a relatively clutter-free media environment could have been responsible for the creation and public acceptance of Princess Dianas image as a global icon. Diana was one of the worlds famous media personalities, and her celebrity status was a result of people following her life story all around the world (Pujik, 2009). She was often hounded by the media, and the public loved her, nevertheless to the say, the media followed her everywhere she went and reported what she what she wore, said or was doing. The publics considered here as one of them. Her image of not being too royal, nor too ordinary, but royal and ordinary, was loved by the public (Thomas,. 2008). Shared grief Dianas death turned the public against paparazzi because they were believed to have played a part in her accident; at the same time, the public was united in grief and Dianas image was immortalized. Mendelson (2007) stated that the subsequent handwringing by members of the press, the public and governments after the death of Diana was drew tension between paparazzi and celebrities, causing heightened tension between celebrities and their right to privacy. For many, it was like losing a member of their family. In fact, many believed they knew the Princess better than anyone else in their lives. It is quite ironic how the entire world was mourning over the pictures that were clicked by the same paparazzi which they had criticized. Did the media have a set agenda behind this? According to agenda setting theory, the mass news media have a large influence on audiences by their choice of what stories to consider newsworthy and how much prominence and space to give them (McCombs, et al.,   1972). As in the case of the Dianas death, the mass media had a large influence on shaping the opinion of the audiences by continuously feeding them with reports of the sudden death of Diana. The media reaction to the Dianas death was unprecedented in its intensity and scale, a flashpoint in recent global media history in which the concerns of national and international media were united (Turner et al., 2000: 6). But the press argued that it was merely t heir duty to reflect what the public felt. As Merrin (1999) wrote, they were caught out by the outpouring of public grief at Dianas death and so quickly devoted themselves to reflecting the mood of the nation (Merrin, 1999). Here we can see that McLuhans theory of the media as the message (1962) holds through, since the very fact that the media was so clearly present in those times reflected the events significance. It has been also been argued that with regard to such media events, the public had to a greater or lesser extent been conditioned to learn their reaction from the media (Dayan Katz, 1992; Linenthal, 2001). The British media gave the death of Diana so much prominence that it turned out to be extremely newsworthy. The coverage was so exaggerated that it even was the extent of crowding out the death of another newsworthy personality Mother Theresa. The media continuously ran stories about the universal grief and how they loved Diana. The views of people who did not share the same opinion were not aired by the media. There were many who raised questions in the public, and were in turn harassed.   For those who felt coolly towards Diana, it was prudent to simply keep silent (Black Smith, 1999; Smith, P., Riley, A. 2011).   During Dianas funeral, it was reported that the whole world was watching, and mourned like they mourned the loss of a family member or friend (Brown, et. al. 2003). Noelle Neumanns (1993, 1984) theory of spiral of silence can be critically applied here to how public opinion was moulded with the persona created around Princesses Diana, her private life, her wedding to Charles, her celebrity status, her children, her divorce, her death and coupled with agenda setting people framed opinion based on the Medias agenda and those who didnt agree to the media framing tended to remain silent. Breaking down barriers Zelizer (1991) states that the media plays an important role in breaking down the boundaries between the private and public world. Since people interpret, discuss, and react to what they see, it can be argued that the media works as a two-way channel in the dissemination of information. In the earlier studies of Dianas wedding and television viewing, a public sphere, as stated by Zelizer, stems from a sense of connectiveness among the public. Audiences organize around media events in a strategic and directed fashion that allows them to connect effectively with othersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The result is an intrusion of the public sphere into the private domain (Zelizer, 1991). Embracing the media in its totality, the royal wedding of Prince William and Katherine Middleton echoed the spectacle of Prince Charles and Lady Diana in 1981, involving over 8,000 reporting staff, broadcasting the event live worldwide. The Guardian reported, More than 36 studios, for broadcasters including the BBC, Sky News, ABC, NBC, CBS and Al-Jazeera, are housed in the three-storey structure, with outside broadcast vans and other equipment taking up so much space that part of Green Park has been closed to the public (The Guardian, April 28, 2011). Since the media today have to operate on a business model, the media took advantage of this event as a means for revenue. The Huffington Post reported that the couples uber celebrity-royal status have created a stir on the Internet and social networking sites which boosted ad revenue for online news organizations. (The Huffington Post, 11 March, 2011). The article further stated that advertisers started calling to reserve space on the website for April 29 within a nanosecond of the wedding date being announced. Thus, it could be argued that in some ways, the media too benefited from the grand occasion and celebritization of the royals. While the hype was generated by the media, social media played a large role this time round, with the general public feeding themselves with information shared over social networking sites. An analysis of social media mentions around the Royal Wedding revealed that there were over 200,000 mentions of Royal Wedding on April 27, two days before the wedding day. This increase of 1,215% mentions from the month before demonstrated that the public was indeed excited about the upcoming event (Radwanick, 2011). On the day itself, CNN reported 300 tweets with the Royal Wedding hashtag per second (CNN, April 29, 2011). The wedding was an event without borders, and anyone with a phone in their pockets could participate which was the crucial difference to the 1981 royal wedding. The existence of Facebook, YouTube and Twitter blew the event up in scale, larger than was ever expected. Bruns (2012) visualization of Twitter activity on the day of the wedding showed a sharp increase in the number of original tweets at specific points of the ceremony. The most significant spike of the day occurred at around 12:30pm the minute of the newlyweds first kiss on the balcony of Buckingham Palace. It was as if the world let out a communal awwwà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ at that very moment (Bruns, 2012).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At a time when the UK was in economic recession, lavish public affairs funded by taxpayers was feared to cause public uproar (Dalrymple, 2011) the Queen had called off the palaces Christmas celebrations the year before in sensitivity to public sentiment (McVeigh, 2011). However, as the royal wedding prompted some parties to question the need for a monarchy and expensive events funded by taxpayers (Hastings, 2012), as demonstrated by social media, others were more than happy to participate in the media spectacle that it became. Latching on to this idea of celebrity, fashion played a big role in grappling the interest of the public. While many watched the event for its significance, there were a few different angles in which the wedding was featured. The event that saw Hollywood celebrities arriving in style was almost a fashion event in itself. Even news websites got into the action; The Telegraph Online showcased the wedding dress, with headlines using words like secret dress to hype up the wedding gown, as well as mentions of her guests hats, which became an icon of the wedding (fashion.telegraph.co.uk). Changing with the times In the ultimate signal of progression with the times, the Queen is even present on social media with a specially-made Facebook page called The British Monarchy. While users cannot poke the Queen or send her friend requests, they can like the page and become fans of the Queen. The Queen also launched a Flickr account, making more than 600 photographs of the Royal Family at work and play available to the public for the first time. A Royal Twitter account was launched in 2009 and Royal Channel went live on YouTube in 2007. The Queen also podcast her first Christmas Day message in 2006, and launched a website for herself and other members of the Royal Family in 1997. According to the Times of India published on June 5, 2012, the British Monarchy once reigned supreme as the head of the colonial rule extracting revenue which has now become the modern day revenue-earning machines. The transition is not a result of revolutions but evolution of the British Monarchy especially the Persona of the Queen. Post World War II, the monarchy understood that a cult of celebrity was fascinating the people across the globe but it was only available democratically to millions of those who were interested in reading about the lives of the celebrities or watching Hollywood. This sparked a change in the appeal and aura of the British Royal Persona and one could visibly see the domineering image giving way to the friendlier dynasty which could be documented on cinema and TV. There was a time in the history when this normalization seemed under threat with the tragic end of Princess Diana the Peoples Princess when the Royals were criticised for their coldness. But, Dia na provided the Persona with the right amount of sadness that is required of the celebrity cult. The 60th anniversary celebration of the Queens reign is a splendid example of the social and cultural status enjoyed by the Monarchy as the event was marked by millions of Celebrity fans lining the banks of the Thames to catch a glimpse of the royal flotilla sailing past. Conclusion While medieval societies viewed and accepted the top hierarchal position of royal families as ordained by God, modern society values individualism and an unprecedented mobility whereby people are no longer necessarily defined by their birthright (Handler, 1986). In a modern constitutional monarchy such as the United Kingdom, where governments are democratically elected and economic influence lies with mega-corporations rather than a handful of elite individuals, the role of royal families, too, has evolved to a more symbolic role of nationhood sovereignty rather than actual power (Duffett, 2004). Even the British monarchy, at one time commanding vast armies to colonize distant lands, has seen its political power dwindle a centuries-long process during which the Crown ceded power to government to ensure its own survival (Duffett, 2004). For the House of Windsor, public support is vital to remain relevant in a society that is no longer convinced that people are born into certain roles, or that Gods will ordains the very need for an aristocracy. The royal family, then, can be said to have a motive for being in the limelight; it needs to remain influential culturally and socially, even if limited politically in the publics eyes. Celebrity is the new royalty, and royalty needs to keep up. Unlike celebrities as defined in the introduction, whose motives of fame are usually preceded by the motivation of selling CDs, merchandise or personal brand, a royal is born in the limelight and remains there for the rest of his or her life with nothing to sell but the idea that his or her place, power and privileges in society is valid. Similarly, the media can be said to be imposing its influence in shaping public opinion in its celebritization of the royal family. A normalization of hegemonic dominance is established (Duffett, 2004), and the status quo is maintained. Beyond the medias profit-driven motives and prevalent belief that anything celebrity-related sells, is the rather sinister notion of keeping the public subordinated. Support for the monarchy, Duffett (2004) writes, implies consent for a national constitution that ensures people are governed in a particular way: by a hypercentralized state, as subjects not citizens, and, ultimately, through rule rather than total democracy. It also implies agreement that wealth and privilege should be distributed on the basis of birth rather than need, and that tradition is an acceptable reason for social inequality. Ultimately, the eager consumers of news surrounding the royal family and the citizens willingly accepting the role of the monarchy are the public, for whom the media and monarchy supposedly serve, and without whom the media and monarchy collapse. In 2008, Nepals 238-year-old monarchy faced the threat of being redundant and ousted in a contemporary society equipped with 24-hour mass media and an increasingly urban, literate and middle class population (Baltutis, 2011). Attempting to consolidate his loosening grip on national power, King Gyanendra and the royal government raised highly visible billboards as propagandistic advertisements (Baltutis, 2011). These proved to be unsuccessful, demonstrating that even with significant ruling power and an international media blackout King   Gyanendra had banned international communication in 2005 an unwilling public will not tolerate a redundant monarchy.